Writing in your own words

Have you ever been given an assignment at school with instructions saying “write in your own words”? What does that mean and why do you have to do it?

Accessibility icon Writing in your own words

Writing in your own words

What does writing in your own words mean? We are going to take a closer look at that.

Ung jente sitter på senga med en notatblokk i fanget og tenker med en blyant i munnen.
Ung jente sitter på senga med en notatblokk i fanget og tenker med en blyant i munnen.

Show your understanding

To write in your own words means that you show understanding of what you read or listened to. You need to phrase your sentence very differently from the original, not just change the order or some words.

Your version of the information is crucial to add to your text. It is not enough to just rearrange words and sentences.

When you write in your own words, you show understanding. When you use your own words, you also make better sense of what you read.

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Ung gutt sitter på en stabel med bøker og tegner på en vegg samtidig som han ser på sin laptop.
Ung gutt sitter på en stabel med bøker og tegner på en vegg samtidig som han ser på sin laptop.

What you understand is important

The teacher at school looks at what YOU know and do, not what others know and do. That is why it is important for the teacher to know which are your ideas and which are other people’s ideas.

If you only repeat information from others without showing sources, it might mean that you:

  • know the material but don’t know how to rephrase it,
  • you don’t want to rewrite or think it is too hard to write in your own words., or
  • you are taking a shortcut because no one will notice anyway.

It is difficult for the person who assesses you to know why you have chosen to repeat information.

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En elev får tilbakemelding på en skriftlig oppgave av en lærer.
En elev får tilbakemelding på en skriftlig oppgave av en lærer.

What is plagiarism?

Plagiarism is when you use other people’s work and pretend it is yours.

It can be easy to see, but sometimes it is difficult. We are going to show some examples of different kinds of plagiarism.

Plagiarism is:

copying sentences or parts of text that someone else has written, without citing the sources.

copying anything word for word.

rewriting a text or sentences, but it still, very much like the original text, or copied directly.

copying information straight from the internet without citing the source.

Plagiarism is:

using a classmate’s notes to write your text.

copying pictures, diagrams, graphs, and similar images without saying where they came from.

using data, statistics, and facts that someone else has gathered without providing the source.

using quotes from texts, videos, and lessons without citing the source, even if the information is something that you wrote down in your own notes.

If for example your teacher gives you a really good quote, you can’t use that quote, even if you wrote it down yourself, unless you also cite the source.

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Mann som kopierer noe i en kopimaskin.
Mann som kopierer noe i en kopimaskin.

Why do people plagiarize?

There can be many reasons why people cheat. Perhaps they don’t mean to but think it is hard to cite correctly. But plagiarism has serious consequences for students and researchers. It is important to learn how to work with material and cite sources early on.

If you plagiarize, you might:
  • not get credit for your work
  • need more time to complete your studies
  • get kicked out from your school permanently or for a period of time.
Plagiarism often happens when:
  • you “borrow” information from others because you are in a rush;
  • you are afraid that you can’t write well enough and “borrow” information;
  • you find the right answer on the Internet and copy it word for word and use it as your work;
  • you don’t understand what you need to do for the assignment and just copy information from class materials;
  • you want to sound like you know more than you actually do.
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Timeglass med turkis sand som står på et tastatur til en laptop.
Timeglass med turkis sand som står på et tastatur til en laptop.

It’s OK to work together!

Working together is important, and it can help everyone when you learn together. It is HOW you work together that is important.

Working together:
  • isn’t about giving each other the answers but helping each other understand the task.
  • is about finding good ways to solve the problem together, but not in a way where one student does the whole work and shares it with the others. 
  • means that everyone hands in their own work individually, even if they have worked on it with others.
Luftfoto av fem studenter som sitter rundt et bord og samarbeider.
Luftfoto av fem studenter som sitter rundt et bord og samarbeider.

When do you need to cite your sources?

If the fact you use is generally known information, you do not need to cite the source. One example of this is knowing that the Sydney Opera House is in Australia. You do not need to cite this information. Another example is knowing that the sum of the three angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.

A generally known fact is information that most people already know and that is easy to check. If you are in doubt, you should include the source.

Some information does not need to be cited, but it may need an explanation. For example, if you decide to use the term “overweight”, there can be many definitions to this term. You should explain which definition is relevant to your text.

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Citing and referring to sources

You must always cite the source from the information you have found online or in other places, both in the text and in the reference list. The reader needs to know which information is yours and which came from someone else – and it is important that the original information can easily be found again.

By citing sources, you show that you have read different materials for your task. This also means that the reader can go back to the original source and see if what you are writing is the truth and how accurate it is.

You will have to decide which reference style you need to use. The most common in language classes today is the APA style.

You can use direct quotes (copying the information word for word) or paraphrasing (using your own words to explain the information).

Both quotes and paraphrases need to be cited in the text and in the reference list. You write the reference list on the last page of your paper.

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Stor gammel bokhylle med mange gamle bøker.
Stor gammel bokhylle med mange gamle bøker.

Using direct quotes

If you use direct quotes, you copy the information word by word. This is ok as long as you use quotation marks and give information about the source. Example: 

In WWII, Churchill said, “Great Britain is strong.”

A block quote is when you quote more than one sentence or a full paragraph. You show this by using a single paragraph with a few spaces in comparison to the other text. You can use quotation marks if you want to, but you don’t have to.

If you choose to use parts of a longer quote, you can write (….) to show where you have taken away something from the original text.

If you want to refer to someone’s work without it being a direct quote you can use in-text citations. This is when you briefly mention the source as you write, either within the sentence or in brackets at the end of the section.

In the APA format, in-text citations will look similar to this:

Within a sentence:

In Smith’s 2019 article on ..(topic).., she states that…

Brackets at the end:

Xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx. X xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx (Smith, 2019).

You can also use footnotes to cite. Perhaps you have seen numbers either in parentheses (1) or raised1. This is a less visible way to cite your sources. 

There is a footnote tool in Word to help you do this correctly. Simply go to the Reference tab in the Word toolbar and click on “Insert footnote.”

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Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.
Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.

Paraphrasing and referring to sources

When you are writing in your own words from sources you have found, you have to be careful so it doesn’t change the original meaning.  

Even if paraphrasing is not a direct quote, you need to say where the information came from. One way to paraphrase in-text is to write the author (s) and the year of publication like this:

In his article on plate tectonics, A. S. Jones claimed that ….

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Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.
Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.

Reference list

When you write your reference list, you will need to include the author, year of publication, title, type of publication (book, magazine, web page, TV program etc), and publisher. You may also want to state which issue or edition you used. 

If you use Internet sources, you must also provide the URL and the date that you retrieved the information. This is because online sources often change and are easily moved around.

Åpen laptop med halv åpen bok bak skjermen som et symbol for digitalisering.
Åpen laptop med halv åpen bok bak skjermen som et symbol for digitalisering.

Various reference styles

The type of reference style decides how you write your reference list. One of the most common styles is APA.

In the links below, you can find information on the different styles and how to use them:

Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.
Hvit snakkeboble på blå bakgrunn.

Now what?

You will see that writing in your own words and citing your sources is worth the effort. 

It will help you get better, and you will get better feedback. 

Just remember that copy and paste is not something you learn anything from!

Bena til tenåring går opp en trapp med fargerike trinn.
Bena til tenåring går opp en trapp med fargerike trinn.

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