Who was Socrates?

Socrates lived in Greece about 2,400 years ago, in a city called Athens.

In Athens, people liked to talk and argue about ideas. Some teachers, called the Sophists, showed people how to win arguments.

Socrates was different.

He was not interested in winning. He wanted to find out what was actually true. So he asked questions, questions that sometimes made people realise they did not understand things as well as they thought.

He once said:
I know that I do not know.

He believed this was a good place to start.

Have you ever been sure about something—and then realised you could not explain it?

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Statue av Sokrates
Statue av Sokrates

What did Socrates believe?

Socrates believed that asking questions helps us think better. He would ask questions like:
“What does it mean to be fair?”

When someone answered, he asked more questions. Often, the person realised their answer was not as clear as they thought.

Socrates did not ask questions to be difficult. He asked them to help people see what they really understood, and what they did not.

But this also made many people angry.

In the end, Socrates was put on trial and sentenced to death. He was forced to drink poison.

Even then, he did not stop questioning.

Example: A question about friendship

Imagine someone asks you: “What is a good friend?”

You might say: “A good friend is always there for you.”

But what if your friend is doing something wrong? Should you still say nothing?

It is not so easy to answer, is it? That is what Socrates showed people: that simple questions can be harder than they look.

What do you think? Is it always easy to know what a good friend should do?

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Jente som tenker med hånden på haken
Jente som tenker med hånden på haken

Believing vs. understanding

Socrates believed that we should not accept something as true just because someone else says it.

Imagine this:

You are watching a video where someone says: “Energy drinks are not dangerous. I drink them every day, and I feel completely fine.”

The person sounds confident, and many people have liked the video.

After a while, it starts to seem true.

But then a question appears. Have you actually thought about it, or does it just sound convincing?

Socrates would say there is an important difference here. Understanding something is not the same as simply agreeing with it.

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Mange fargerike talebobler av papir

What is good about Socrates’ way of thinking?

Socrates’ way of thinking helps us be honest about what we know and what we do not know.

Instead of just repeating what others say, it encourages us to think for ourselves and ask questions.

It is also fair, because Socrates believed that everyone is able to think, not just experts or important people.

En elev som snakker med klassekameratene i klasserommet
En elev som snakker med klassekameratene i klasserommet

What can be difficult?

Socrates was good at asking questions, but he did not always give answers, and that can be frustrating.

You can also feel uncomfortable when someone questions what you think and never stops, especially if you are not sure how to respond.

At the same time, there are situations where we simply have to decide, because we cannot keep asking questions forever.

Do you think it is possible to ask too many questions?

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Forstørrelsesglass med mange spørsmålstegn
Forstørrelsesglass med mange spørsmålstegn

Socrates and Aristotle

Socrates and Aristotle were both philosophers, but they thought about different things.

Socrates wanted to know whether we really understand what we think we know, so he asked questions to find out.

Aristotle, on the other hand, wanted to know how we become good people. He believed we do this by doing good things again and again, like practising a sport.

Socrates focused on thinking, while Aristotle focused on doing.

What do you think is more important?

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Statue av Sokrates og Aristoteles
Statue av Sokrates og Aristoteles

Why does this matter today?

Socrates’ ideas still matter today.

We hear opinions everywhere; on social media, from friends, and on the news, and it is easy to believe what we hear without thinking much about it.

But Socrates would ask: have you really thought it through?

Think for yourself

Is there something you believe that you have never really questioned?

Have you ever changed your mind about something? What happened?

Which way of thinking suits you best—and can you explain why?

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En person som ser på en smarttelefon
En person som ser på en smarttelefon

Sources

  • Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: “Socrates”. https://iep.utm.edu/socrates/
  • Encyclopaedia Britannica: “Socratic method”. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Socratic-method
  • University of Cambridge: “Socrates was guilty as charged”. https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/socrates-was-guilty-as-charged
  • University of Chicago Law School: “The Socratic Method”. https://www.law.uchicago.edu/socratic-method

 

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